'Kingdom' originates from Old English, specifically the word 'cyningdōm,' where 'cyning' meant 'king' and '-dōm' meant 'domain or state.'

'Cyningdōm' transformed into the Middle English word 'kingdom,' and eventually became the modern English word 'kingdom.'

Initially, it meant 'the domain of a king,' and this meaning has largely remained the same in modern usage.