'cell-division-related' is a compound formed from 'cell', 'division', and 'related'. 'cell' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'cella', where 'cella' meant 'storeroom' or 'small room'. 'division' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'divisio' from 'dividere', where 'dividere' meant 'to divide'. 'related' originates from Latin via Old French, specifically from 'relatus' (past participle of 'referre'/'referre' through Old French 'relater'), where the components 're-' meant 'back' and 'ferre' (or 'referre') meant 'to carry' or 'to bring'.

'cell' passed from Latin 'cella' into Old French and Middle English as 'celle' and eventually became modern English 'cell'. 'division' came from Latin 'divisio' through Old French into Middle English 'divisioun' and then modern 'division'. 'related' developed from Latin past participles via Old French 'relater' and Middle English 'relaten' to the modern adjective 'related'.

Initially the component words had literal senses ('cell' = small room or biological cell named later, 'divide' = to separate, 'related' = having a connection). Over time, when combined as a compound, they evolved into the technical adjective meaning 'connected with the biological process of cell division'.