'incumbent' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'incumbens,' where 'in-' meant 'on' and 'cumbere' meant 'to lie down.'

'incumbens' transformed into the Old French word 'encumbant,' and eventually became the modern English word 'incumbent' through Middle English.

Initially, it meant 'lying down on something,' but over time it evolved into its current meaning of 'holding a position or duty.'